Style: Exercise 5.3 (page 87)

Style: Exercise 5.3 (page 87)
1. Vegetation covers the earth, except for those areas continuously covered with ice or utterly scorched by continual heat. Plants grow not only in rich plains and river valleys, but also at the edge of perpetual snow in high mountains. Dense vegetation grows in the ocean and its edges, as well as in and around lakes and swamps. Plants exist in the cracks of busy city sidewalks, as well as in seemingly barren cliffs. Vegetation covered the earth before humans existed, and they will continue to be there long after the evolutionary history swallows us up.
2. Animals naturally lack in power to create and communicate a new message to fit a new experience. Their genetic code limits the number and kind of messages that they can communicate. For examples, bees can only communicate information about distance, direction, source, and richness of pollen in flowers. As a part of their characteristics, animals of same species keep delivering a limited repertoire of message in the same way, generation after generation.
3. In his paper on children’s thinking, Jones (1985) stressed the importance of language skills in their problem-solving ability. He reported that the children with improved language skills showed enhanced capability in solving the nonverbal problems. According to him, they performed better when solving the problems because they used the language habits they already acquired in order to articulate the problem and to activate the knowledge they learned through language. Therefore, we will be able to explore the way to enhance problem solving in general by systematically putting the nonlinguistic problems in verbal form.